Thursday, January 31, 2019

Celebrating Mercedes Sosa

"I never thought that I would sing for a living," said Mercedes Sosa, the powerful Argentinian vocalist widely known as “the voice of the voiceless ones.” Also known as “La Negra” due to her long, black hair, Sosa’s powerful voice afforded her opportunities to perform at Lincoln Center and Carnegie Hall in New York City, as well as the Sistine Chapel and the Colosseum in Rome. A driving force behind the “Nueva Canción” movement, her songs married traditional South American folk music with powerful lyrics advocating for human rights.
Born on July 9, 1935 in the northern Argentine province of Tucumán, Mercedes Sosa’s family lineage came from the indigenous Aymara people. Her heritage deeply influenced her stylistically and by 15, she won a radio talent contest for her traditional folk music. A dramatic tipping point of her career happened on this day in 1965, when singer Jorge Cafrune invited Sosa on stage during his set at Argentina’s renowned Cosquín Folk Festival. Her performance received a massive ovation and by the following year, she had signed a recording contract.
Many of Sosa's best-known songs were written by others, but her performances of songs like Violeta Parra’s "Gracias a la Vida" (Thanks to Life) and Horacio Guarany’s “Si Se Calla El Cantor” (If the Singer is Silenced) helped catapult her into fame. She released some 70 albums over the course of nearly a six-decade career, exploring diverse genres such as Argentinian tango, Cuban nueva trova, Brazilian bossa nova, rock, and sacred music. In later years, she collaborated with artists such as Luciano Pavarotti, Sting, Joan Baez, and even Shakira.
Fearlessly singing truth to power, she went into exile from her homeland for several years and was finally able to return home in 1982. She continued to perform around the world and later became a UNESCO goodwill ambassador.
Here’s to La Negra!



Today’s Doodle was created by guest artist Shanti Rittgers. Below, she shares some thoughts on Sosa and the Doodle:

Q: Do you have a favorite Mercedes Sosa song?
A: Everything she sings sounds so good, it’s hard to choose… So far, I keep going back to “Luna Tucumana.” It’s a beautiful song, one that makes me think of melancholic tangos, fleeting feelings of intimacy and grappling with inner troubles. English lyric translations further helped me understand the context, and built a romantic vision of Mercedes singing to the moon, wistful and alone on a winding midnight path.  

Q: What quality in her music did you seek to express in the Doodle?
A: Her resonance. She can sing the deepest, saddest song or the brightest tune, and regardless her voice hits you like a river of wind and carries you away.

Q: What inspired your selection of a brown, black, and red palette?
A: In this case, reds and browns help create an earthy final color palette. In photos, she’s often wearing red and black patterned ponchos of Native cultural descent, and black is relative to one of her nicknames, “La Negra.”

Q: What can you tell us about the percussion instrument Mercedes is playing in one of your initial sketches?
A: The Bombo is a drum of Argentinean origin, and though it is large the sound produced from it can be considerably soft. I included it in the final after hearing and seeing Mercedes Sosa play it in many songs. I believe it was a symbolic and favorite instrument of hers throughout her career.
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Celebrating Nasi Lemak

Today’s Doodle celebrates the rich, fragrant, and spicy dish, known as Nasi Lemak. The dish — considered the national dish of Malaysia and widely eaten year-round — is what many Malaysians start their day with. Also popular in Singapore and Thailand, the humble delicacy is believed to have originated as a hearty farmer’s breakfast on the west coast of the Malaysian peninsula.
Although the name translates from Malay as “rich rice” (a reference to the coconut milk included in the recipe) there is another origin story for the name. According to legend, the daughter of a widow named Mak Kuntum accidentally spilled coconut milk into the rice pot. “What did you cook?” Mak asked and her daughter answered. "Nasi le, Mak!" (Rice, mother!)
There are many variations of the dish across the multiethnic melting pot of Malay, Chinese, Indian, and other indigenous and imported cultures, but the fundamental recipe — featured in today’s video Doodle — is rice cooked with santan or coconut milk and flavored with pandan leaf and galangal root, served with ikan bilis (fried anchovies), crispy peanuts (skin on), sliced cucumber, hard-boiled egg, and sambal (hot sauce) or a splash of tamarind juice, with an optional piece of fried chicken or beef rendang on the side. Sold at roadside stalls wrapped in a “bungkus” of banana leaf or brown paper, Nasi Lemak is so popular it’s also eaten for lunch and dinner, too!

Nasi Lemak Doodle Team
Doodle By: Alyssa Winans
Music: Silas Hite
Producer: Colin Duffy
Marketing & Partnerships: Perla Campos, Madeline Belliveau, Carlos Diaz
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Celebrating Brenda Lee

In honor of Brazil’s National Day of Transgender Visibility, today’s Doodle honors Brazilian human rights activist Brenda Lee, who was an advocate for the rights and freedoms of the LGBTQ community. Brenda Lee founded the “Palace of Princesses,” a four-story refuge from the dangers of street life for transgender people and cross-dressers in São Paulo, Brazil. The Palace soon turned into one of the country’s first residences for persons with HIV/AIDS. 
Brenda Lee was born in Bodocó, Pernambuco on this day in 1948 and moved to São Paulo at the age of 14. In 1984, Lee purchased a four-story townhouse in downtown. The following year a series of hate crimes against trans people inspired her to open her home for those at risk of violence, and a short time after, the Palace of Princesses was turned into the Casa de Apoio (Brenda Lee Support House), a care home for patients—trans or not—with HIV/AIDS. Later, in 1992, the Casa de Apoio was legally incorporated and affiliated with the Emilio Ribas Hospital.  To this day, the shelter — now funded by the State Health Secretariat — provides care for those who need it most. 
Here’s to Brenda Lee  whose legacy lives on through the humanitarian work carried on by the Casa de Apoio.
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Monday, January 28, 2019

200th Anniversary of Singapore's Founding

Today’s Doodle marks Singapore's Bicentennial. The occasion commemorates the arrival of Sir Stamford Raffles in Singapore, a key milestone in the nation’s history. While 1819 was a turning point for the development of the island, the Bicentennial is also a chance for Singaporeans to rediscover the rich history of the island before Raffleswhich spans as many as 500 years prior to the British stateman’s arrival. A heptagon surrounds the Singapore skyline in today’s Doodle, in honor of the 700 years of development that the island nation has undergone.
Singapore’s long and diverse history will be at the center of the celebration through a calendar of events and exhibitions spanning most of 2019. The Bicentennial will culminate with a multimedia sensory experience at the Fort Canning Centre where Singaporeans can walk through key historical periods including the settling of early communities, the arrival or Raffles, and augmented reality tours of the Singapore River and Fort Canning Park.
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Saturday, January 26, 2019

India Republic Day 2019

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The Constitution of India came into force on this day in 1950, an anniversary celebrated each year as Republic Day. Republic Day is one of only three national holidays celebrated all across India, the other two being Independence Day on August 15 and Mahatma Gandhi’s birthday on October 2.
Although India’s constitution was adopted in November 1949, the date January 26 was chosen for the document to take effect, because it commemorates Pūrna Swarāj Day, which took place exactly 20 years earlier. On January 26, 1930, the Indian National Congress issued a bold resolution declaring complete freedom from the British Raj. From that point, it was only a matter of time before Independence Day, followed by full sovereignty.
Celebrations take place all across the subcontinent, with the epicenter in the capital city of Delhi, where a parade runs along Rajpath near the President’s Palace. Today's guest artist, Reshidev RK, recreated the colorful celebrations and depicted the famous parade floats that decorate the city, each representing a different component of India’s history: environment, architecture, textiles, wildlife, monuments, and farming. Observances last for four days, coming to a conclusion on January 29th with the Beating Retreat ceremony, featuring the bands of the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force.
Happy Republic Day, India!
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Australia Day 2019

Today’s Doodle celebrates the natural beauty of the Fitzgerald River National Park, located on Western Australia’s rugged south coast. The land around the coastal hills known as “the Barrens” is teeming with life. Stretching across the Shires of Ravensthorpe and the Jerramungup, the park protects one of the most biodiverse regions in the world.   
More than 1,800 species of plants live in the park—75 of which cannot be found anywhere else in the world. The park is also home to 184 bird species, 41 reptile species, 12 frog species, and 22 mammal species, including the adorable honey possum featured in today’s Doodle. These mouse-sized marsupials, also known as “Noolbenger,” have prehensile tails longer than their bodies, pointed snouts, and long tongues covered with bristles to help them drink nectar from native flowers like the Banksia. Tiny but thirsty, one honey possum can drink up to 7 milliliters of nectar per day—roughly equivalent to a human drinking 50 liters of soda! They also help the plants reproduce by spreading pollen as they feast.
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Tuesday, January 22, 2019

Grandfather's Day (Poland) 2019

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Lev Landau’s 111th Birthday

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Born in Baku, Azerbaijan, on this day in 1908, Lev Davidovich Landau was a Soviet theoretical physicist who won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics for his research into liquid helium’s behavior at extremely low temperatures. 
Described by classmates as a “quiet, shy boy,” young Landau was brilliant at math and science, but struggled in relating to his classmates. Having completed his studies by age 13, Landau was ready to start college long before his peers. Enrolling in the Physics Department of Leningrad University, his first publication, On the Theory of the Spectra of Diatomic Molecules was already in print when he was just 18 years old.
Completing his Ph.D. at age 21, Landau earned a Rockefeller fellowship and a Soviet stipend which allowed him to visit research facilities in Zurich, Cambridge, and Copenhagen, where he had the opportunity to study with Nobel Laureate Niels Bohr. Renowned for his work in quantum theory, Bohr had a profound impact on the young physicist.
Elected to the U.S.S.R.’s Academy of Sciences in 1946, Ladau also received the Lenin Science Prize for his monumental Course of Theoretical Physics—a ten-volume study co-written with his student Evgeny Lifshitz. His wide-ranging research has linked his name to many concepts that he was first to describe including: Landau Levels, which are the focus of today’s Doodle, Landau diamagnetism, Landau damping, and the Landau energy spectrum. His legacy is also kept alive by the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics in Moscow—and there is even a crater on the moon named after him!
Happy Birthday, Lev Landau!
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Martin Luther King Jr. Day 2019

“I have decided to stick with love,” said Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1967. “Hate is too great a burden to bear.” Speaking at the Southern Christian Leadership Conference’s annual convention, the Nobel Prize-winning civil rights leader affirmed an idea set forth in his 1963 book, Strength to Love: “Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.”
Born the son of a Baptist minister in Atlanta, Georgia, Martin Luther King Jr. fought tirelessly for the civil rights of all and to bring about a more united nation. From the Montgomery Bus Boycott to the March on Washington and the historic civil rights march in Selma, Dr. King repeatedly risked his freedom and his life in pursuit of his dream of racial equality. His legacy lives on through a series of victories, from the 1956 Supreme Court ruling against segregation on buses to the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. 
Legislation signed in 1983 made Dr. King’s birthday a federal holiday. Congress designated it as a national day of service with the aim of creating solutions to social problems and moving us closer to Dr. King's “Beloved Community." Today’s Doodle by guest artist, Xia Gordon, depicts Dr. King at his writing desk as he wrestles with his ideas, perhaps contemplating how he might help to form a more unified society. To this day, Dr. King’s example continues to light the way forward, with love.

Today's Doodle was created by Brooklyn-based guest artist Xia Gordon. Below, she shares her thoughts on today’s Doodle:

Q: What were your first thoughts when you were approached about working on this year’s MLK Day Doodle?
A: 
My first thoughts after being approached about this project were; 1. What is the the most interesting way to tackle depicting such a prominent historical figure and 2. What part of MLK do we not often see. I ended up becoming fascinated with the idea of seeing MLK behind-the-scenes - studying, writing, and preparing to appear at the events that we are already so familiar with.

Q: Did you draw inspiration from anything in particular for this Doodle?
A:
 When creating the Doodle I drew a lot of inspiration from descriptions and photos of poets, musicians, and painters - in their studios. I wanted to try to create that same sort of intimacy with the viewer, as if they had been invited to his office and could have a conversation about what they had planned for their futures.
 

Q: What message do you hope people take away from your Doodle?
A:
 I hope the Doodle will encourage people to celebrate the achievements made by Martin Luther King, Jr., the man, not the monolith. Also, I hope it will help people understand that advocating for the rights of others is something that any one person can do.
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Grandmother's Day (Poland) 2019

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Louay Kayali’s 85th Birthday

Today’s Doodle celebrate the work of Louay Kayali, a modern painter born in Syria and trained in Italy whose quietly powerful portraits convey the strength, resilience, and nobility of everyday folk—bakers, fisherman, and pregnant mothers. 
Born in Aleppo on this day in 1934, Louay Kayali began painting at the age of 11 and held his first exhibition when he was 18 at Al-Tajhis Al-Oula School. Awarded a scholarship, Kayali moved to Italy in 1956 for advanced studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Rome and went on to represent Syria at the 1960 Venice Biennale—a prestigious international art exhibition.
Joining the faculty of the Higher Institute for the Fine Arts in Damascus in 1962, Kayali’s instruction made a profound impact on future generations of Syrian artists. During the mid-1960s, he began a series of charcoal works which marked a departure from his previous paintings. The emotionally challenging images in his 1967 traveling exhibition “Fi Sabil al-Qadiyyah” (For the Sake of the Cause) depicted human suffering, reflecting upheaval in the Arab world. Upset by scathing reviews of the show, the artist announced that he would no longer paint, and destroyed much of his work. Fortunately, he did return to painting, showing new work throughout the 1970s, including a joint exhibition with his old friend Fateh al-Moudarres.
On what would have been his 85th birthday, we remember Louay Kayali, a passionate artist who aimed to paint exactly what he saw—and felt.
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Manlee Kongprapad’s 136th Birthday

Dance has a rich history in Thailand, dating back more than 500 years. Over the centuries, royal courts have been important patrons of classical dance, one of the region’s most celebrated art forms, which incorporates theatrical elements to interpret epic tales of history and culture. 
Today’s Doodle celebrates Thai dancer Manlee Kongprapad, born in Bangkok’s Yai District on this day in 1885, who fell in love with dance at an early age and overcame a humble upbringing to distinguish herself within royal circles as a renowned performer and later as a teacher.
Kongprapad was raised by a single mother who worked in a palace kitchen. Her mother’s job gave her the opportunity to watch royal dance performances, the young Kongprapad quickly became enchanted by the dancers’ ornate costumes and graceful movements. She was so captivated that she briefly ran away from her mother to practice the choreography. Receiving training from masters of the ancient art form, she became so proficient that she was recognized as a favorite of the court—even inventing some of her own moves that are still practiced to this day.
Kongprapad would eventually become a part of the first generation of teachers to provide formal dance training at Thailand’s first School of Drama and Musicology, which was founded in 1934 and later renamed the College of Dramatic Arts. In doing so, she helped preserve the rich cultural tradition that had changed her life, opening up similar opportunities for future generations of dancers.
Happy birthday, Manlee Kongprapad!
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Abdul Hafeez Kardar’s 94th Birthday

Today’s Doodle celebrates international cricketer Abdul Hafeez Kardar, affectionately known as “The Skipper.” One of the few players to have played Test cricket for both India and Pakistan, Kardar captained Pakistan’s first Test team and is widely remembered as the father of Pakistani cricket.
Born in Lahore, Punjab on this day in 1925 to a prominent cricket-playing family, Kardar was educated at Islamia College and traveled to England to represent India in Test play. A left-handed batsman and slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he went on to play for Oxford and Warwickshire County Cricket Club where he was coached by the esteemed New Zealand cricketer Martin Donnelly.
Following Pakistan’s partition from India in 1947, Kardar joined the Pakistani team and campaigned for the country to earn full Test status, which was finally granted in 1952. In 23 matches as their captain, Kardar led Pakistan to at least one victory over each of the Test teams they ever faced, including powerhouses such as Australia, India, New Zealand, and the West Indies. On his last tour in 1957, he ignored doctor’s orders and played against the West Indies with a broken finger, bowling 37 overs and scoring 57 during the match.
A fierce competitor on and off the field, Kardar was deeply engaged in the organization of Pakistani cricket, an early advocate of neutral umpires, and a passionate protester against political interference in the administration. In recognition of his contributions to Pakistani cricket, Kardar received the Pride of Performance Award from the Government of Pakistan in 1958.
Happy Birthday to The Skipper!
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Konstantin Stanislavski's 156th Birthday

Born in Moscow on this day in 1863, Konstantin Sergeyevich Stanislavski was raised in a prominent Russian family that supported his interest in theater as it grew from a hobby to a passion. He focused on acting at first, relentlessly refining his craft in a quest to bring emotional truth to the stage.
He later became interested in directing and production, founding the renowned Moscow Arts Theater in 1898. Their 1904 premiere of Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard is widely considered a masterpiece of modern theater.
Among his contributions to the world of theatre, Stanislavksi developed an influential system for training actors, and his ideas were profoundly important to the development of what is now known as method acting. “There are no small parts,” Stanislavski observed. “Only small actors.” By devising a series of seven questions, he helped aspiring actors to understand their characters and motivation more fully The questions, which are featured in the animation of today’s Doodle include:
  1. Who Am I?
  2. Where Am I?
  3. What Time Is It?
  4. What Do I Want (?)
  5. Why Do I Want It?
  6. How Will I Get What I Want?
  7. What Must I Overcome To Get What I Want?
As simple as they may seem, answering these questions required extensive research and reflection. During rehearsals, Stanislavski would often comment “I do not believe you,” pushing actors to bring their performances to life by digging into their own psyches.
In recognition of his contributions to Russian theater, he was awarded the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of Lenin, and the title People's Artist of the U.S.S.R.
On what would have been his 156th birthday, here’s to a creative innovator who revolutionized modern theater as we know it.
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