198th Anniversary of the First Ascent of the Zugspitze

The Zugspitze is Germany’s tallest mountain, standing at a height of 2,9623 meters, and situated along the border between Germany and Austria. The first people to ascend the Zugspitze were Lieutenant Josef Naus, a 27-year-old engineer from the Royal Bavarian Army, his mountain guide Johann Georg Tauschl, and a military orderly named Maier. Lieutenant Naus was employed by the Royal Bavarian Topographic Bureau, putting together an Atlas of Bavaria. Seeking to prove that this pinnacle was the loftiest in the Kingdom of Bavaria, they trekked across glaciers covered with melting ice— conditions ripe for avalanches. Setting out in July they made their way across the largest glacier, proceeding to a shepherd’s hut from which they would attempt to climb the summit. After a short night’s rest, Naus’ party undertook their ascent on August 27, 1820, reaching the top seven hours and forty-five minutes later. Storms soon enfolded the mountain, hastening the men’s descent. Today, visitors can take a cable car up the steep incline to the top, where they are rewarded with awe-inspiring views of the many jagged limestone peaks forming the border between Germany and Austria. Some believe that local climbers—gatherers or hunters—may have beaten the Naus survey team to the summit before 1820. But Naus, Tauschl, and Maier were the first to prove their success in reaching the pinnacle. Today’s Doodle celebrates the Zugspitze immensity, beauty, and its importance to both Austria and Germany.

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Independence Day of Republic of Moldova 2018

On August 27, Moldova celebrates 27 years of sovereignty. Today’s Doodle depicts the Moldovan flag, waving proudly above the country’s hills, a defining feature of its landscape. The country has a 600-year-long history of authority by Ottoman emperors, Russian tsars, Romanian kings and Soviet officials. So independence, when it arrived following the peaceful separation from the Soviet Union in 1991, was cause for celebration. Moldovans celebrate with food and wine—vineyards being one of the country’s major tourist attractions and wine, one of its biggest exports. Throughout the country, families and neighbors gather to enjoy the holiday with feasts. Traditional foods, such as chorba soup, often made with lamb, and zama, a chicken and vegetable soup whipped with egg and topped with a spoonful of sour cream, are often served. There are warm braided breads, grilled meats, plates heaped high with summer’s vegetables, and for dessert a profusion of fresh fruits and cakes. The evening winds down as old stories are told, and Moldova’s independence is toasted and savored anew. Happy Independence Day Moldova!

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Sir Donald George "The Don" Bradman’s 110th Birthday

A hero to Australian cricket fans, Sir Donald George Bradman, affectionately known as “The Don,” is considered the greatest batsman of all time. Born on this day in Cootamundra, New South Wales in 1908, Bradman developed his skills by hitting a golf ball off the curved base of a water tank, using a cricket stump, which is much narrower than a bat. The ball came back to him fast and at all angles. “I found I had to be pretty quick on my feet and keep my wits about me,” he said, “and in this way I developed, unconsciously, perhaps, sense of distance and pace.” Using his own unique grip and batting stance, he achieved a lifetime test batting average of 99.4, which many consider to be one of the greatest achievements by any athlete in a sport. He made his debut in 1927 at 19 years old, in a first-class match between his New South Wales team and Adelaide, scoring a “century”—118 runs, to be exact—in his very first match. He was so talented and so consistent, he averaged at least one century every three innings over the course of his 21-year test match career. He amassed a total of 6,996 runs in 52 Test matches—making him a top contender for the title of best cricketer to ever step on a pitch. When Wisden Cricketers’ Almanack polled 100 former cricketers and journalists to determine the top cricketers of the 20th century, “The Don” was nominated by all 100. Through the 1930s and 40s, Bradman set the world standard in the sport, scoring 309 runs in one often-cited game at Headingley Cricket Ground in England. After his retirement he remained a fixture in the cricket world as an administrator and commentator. Bradman was honored with a museum during his lifetime, called the “the greatest living Australian” by the Prime Minister, and knighted in 1949. Despite the accolades he earned, he remained a courteous and modest man. Happy Birthday Sir Donald!

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Uruguay National Day 2018

Uruguay may be the second smallest country in South America (at 68,000 square miles it’s slightly bigger than Suriname), but its 3.4 million citizens celebrate Independence Day in a big way. An era of successive of English, Spanish, Portuguese and Brazilian control ended with Uruguay’s Declaration of independence on August 25, 1825. Each year on this day there are parties, music, and fireworks across this country situated on the southeastern coast. On Nostalgia Night, held on August 24, Uruguayans dance to hit songs from back in the day, whether the dramatic tango, the driving cumbia, or pop hits from all over the world. It’s a national turn back the clock night at nightclubs, on the radio, and at private parties. The tradition was started in the capital city Montevideo by DJ Pablo Lecueder and soon spread around the country, becoming an official holiday recognized by the Ministry of Tourism. The nine stripes on the flag depicted on today’s Doodle correspond to the nine original departments, or districts, or Uruguay. The “Sun of May” represents Inti, the Incan sun god, as well as the May Revolution of 1810 when Spanish territories that now form Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and parts of Brazil demanded their independence. ¡Feliz dia de la independencia, Uruguay!

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Mother's Day (Vietnam) 2018

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Leonard Bernstein’s 100th Birthday

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Happy 100th birthday to American music icon Leonard Bernstein! The youngest conductor ever to lead the New York Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra, he was also the first U.S. conductor to gain international renown, leading a 1953 performance of ‘Medea’ at La Scala in Milan, Italy's foremost opera house. The son of Russian Jewish immigrants, Bernstein discovered music around age 10 and overcame his parents’ resistance to his passion for the arts. His creativity and talent spilled over from one artform to the next, and throughout his life, the most persistent criticisms of his work were that he did too much. “I want to conduct,” he wrote late in life. “I want to play the piano. I want to write for Hollywood. I want to write symphonic music. I want to keep on trying to be, in the full sense of that wonderful word, a musician. I also want to teach. I want to write books and poetry. And I think I can still do justice to them all.'' Today’s Doodle celebrates Bernstein’s life set to one of his most iconic works—the score to West Side Story. The tale, following the turf war between two rival gangs and star-crossed lovers in the west side of Manhattan, was brought to life through Bernstein’s gripping score. The original 1957 production was nominated for six Tony Awards including Best Musical. Explore the history and legacy of the iconic musical by visiting Google Arts & Culture. A larger-than-life personality, Bernstein held the baton with emphatic mannerisms, reacting to the emotion of the music mid-performance. As Director of the New York Philharmonic, he exposed generations of young people to musical programming on television. Before Bernstein’s tenure, no widely-aired television show existed to educate youth through musical performances. In this way, and as a popular commentator about music on radio and TV, he made intellectual culture more accessible to the public at large.

25.08.2018-3-Saturday-சனி-Doodle-Leonard Bernstein’s 100th Birthday-PNG - Screen Shot 2018-08-09 at 7.32.58 AM. Bernstein was also a skilled lecturer—winning a Grammy in 1961 for Best Documentary or Spoken Word Recording (other than comedy). He published books about music and lectured on poetry at Harvard University. His legacy endures as a musical polymath, a creator of culture, and an example that sometimes more is more. Happy Birthday, Leonard Bernstein!

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Ukraine Independence Day 2018

The Ukrainian flag seen in today’s Doodle is an abstract depiction of blue sky over golden wheat fields. These colors fly all over the country during Ukrainian National Day, observed on this day ever since the Eastern European nation’s Declaration of Independence, which was ratified by the Verkhovna Rada, or parliament, in 1991. Kiev’s main thoroughfare, Khreshchatyk Street will be closed to traffic for the Independence Day Parade, a mixture of military officers, political leaders, and proud citizens while the Ukrainian National Anthem plays. Happy Ukrainian Independence Day!

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Ismat Chughtai's 107th Birthday

Today’s Doodle celebrates Ismat Chughtai, the Indian author who championed free speech, social liberation, and gender equality through her writing. The grande dame of Urdu fiction would have been 107 today. According to Chughtai’s family, she was born August 21, 1911(contrary to most published reports, which cite her birthdate being four years later, in 1915). The ninth of ten children, Chughtai grew up in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. She began writing at an early age, inspired by her elder brother Mirza Azim Beg Chughtai, a novelist known for his playful humorous works. In the 1930s, Chughtai attended a meeting of the Progressive Writers Association and became interested in using her talents to advocate for human rights. Raised in a Muslim household, Chughtai’s best-known works questioned double standards and encouraged liberation.Her short story “Lihaf” (The Quilt), narrated in the voice of a young girl, was viewed as controversial given its portrayal of a relationship between an upper class woman and her servant. This was also the case for another of her famous stories, “Gainda” (Marigold), which told the tale of a domestic worker who falls in love outside the caste system. Chughtai’s character violated the rules prohibiting different castes from associating with one another, as well as the social custom forbidding widows from pursuing a second love. Chughtai was awarded the prestigious Padma Shri by the Government of India in 1976 In recognition of her literary accomplishments and her fearless dedication to her beliefs.In 1980s and 1990s, a new generation of Indian writers picked up where Chughtai left off. Today, she continues to be regarded as a national feminist icon. Happy Birthday, Ismat Chughtai!

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First Day of School (Mexico) 2018

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Hungary State Foundation Day 2018

Today’s Doodle celebrates Hungary State Foundation Day, also known as St. Stephen’s Day. Today, many take the day off work and attend gatherings and celebrations in their community. The smell of baking bread is everywhere given that August 20 is also the Festival of the New Bread, a staple of Hungarian cuisine. More than 50 bakeries participate in Budapest alone, filling the city streets with mouth-watering aromas. All those with a sweet tooth look forward to the National Guild of Hungarian Confectioners’ selection of the best recipe to celebrate the country’s foundation, Hungary’s national birthday cake. The central European nation begins each August 20 by raising the tri-colored flag seen in today’s Doodle — green representing Hungary’s mountains and pastures, white for the rushing rivers, and red for the sacrifices of those who founded the country. After a full day of celebration, the day ends with fireworks exploding in the skies all over the country. Happy Hungary State Foundation Day!

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Children's Day (Argentina & Peru) 2018

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2018 Asian Games

Today’s Doodle celebrates the start of the 18th Asian Games, also known as Asiad. Organized by the Olympic Council of Asia and held every four years, the Asian Games are the second largest multi-sport event in the world, behind only the Olympic Games. This year’s host country is Indonesia, with events happening in the country’s oldest city, Palembang, and the capital city of Jakarta. Athletes from six Asian countries competed at the first Far Eastern Championship Games in 1913 in Manila. Although these games were discontinued in 1938, there was widespread support for a competition promoting the Olympic ideals of a peaceful society and the “harmonious development of humankind.” This year, athletes from 45 countries will compete in 55 events. Swimming and track and field always attract a big audience at the Asian Games, and there are many other sports represented too, ranging from football, fencing, weight lifting, and martial arts, to jet skiing and the card game bridge. This year also marks the debut of another genre of non-physical events: esports, or competitive video games. Esports will be considered a “demonstration” category this year, so no official medals will be given, but they plan to do so at the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou, China. Good luck to all the athletes representing their countries at the 2018 Asian Games!

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Indonesia Independence Day 2018

On 17.08.2018 @ Few countries have more fun on Independence Day than Indonesia, the southeast Asian island nation whose Proclamation of Independence was first read in Jakarta on this day in 1945. All throughout the country, from cities to villages, Independence Day starts early with gotong-royong, a collective effort to clean up and beautify neighborhoods. Red and white banners and buntings decorate houses, shops, and schools in preparation for a range of lively games, such as the Lomba Balap Karung seen in today’s Doodle. This classic sack race is just one of Indonesia’s traditional Independence Day pastimes. You can’t use your hands in the Kerupuk eating contest, where the fried starch and shrimp crackers hang from strings. First to finish their cracker wins. Panjat Pinang involves climbing up greased palm trees to claim prizes suspended at the top. All this friendly competition is really just a fun way to spend time with friends and family, so remember to keep it light as you enjoy Indonesian Independence Day. Dirgahayu Indonesia!

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Qixi Festival 2018

On 17.08.2018 @ On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month lovers all over China celebrate the Qixi Festival, also known as Chinese Valentine’s Day. The holiday’s origin story dates back thousands of years to Han Dynasty mythology, a tale of forbidden romance written in the stars. Zhinü was the granddaughter of the Jade Emperor and the most beautiful girl in the universe (represented by the star Vega). Her job was to weave the colorful clouds of heaven. Niulang the cowherd (represented by the star Altair) was an orphan who lived in a simple cottage with only an old ox to keep him company. One day the ox spoke to him, saying that he used to be the star Tarrus but was sent to earth as punishment. The ox told Niulang about a special pond near his cottage where goddesses went to bathe. After meeting Zhinü there, the two fell in love, married, and started a family. Zhinü’s parents did not approve of the relationship and angrily summoned their daughter back to heaven. Niulang was heartbroken, but his ox sacrificed his life, explaining that if he was killed his magic hide could help Niulang fly back to Zhinü. Niulang reluctantly killed his faithful ox and used its hide to visit his beloved, but the Jade Empress slashed the sky creating the Silver River (represented by the Milky Way) to keep her daughter away from the cowherd. Although the lovers were banished to opposite sides of the Silver River, a flock of magpies took pity on them and flew together to form a bridge, allowing Zhinü and Niulang a brief reunion. Every year on this day, when the stars Altair and Vega appear closest together in the night sky, that bridge of birds is said to bring these star-crossed lovers together—if only for one night. Magpies are bringers of joy, and the number seven symbolizes togetherness. Traditional Qixi celebrations often include weaving or sewing, in a nod to the goddess Zhinu’s superb skills with needle and thread. Today, the Qixi Festival is often celebrated with romantic gifts or chocolates.

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Ebenezer Cobb Morley’s 187th Birthday

Before Ebenezer Cobb Morley set down the rules of football in 1863, the game was much more chaotic than the version we know today. His 13th rule gives some indication of how unruly football used to be: 'No player shall wear projecting nails, iron plates, or gutta percha on the soles or heels of his boots.' Born the son of a minister, Morley grew up a sports enthusiast and went on to study law. After joining Barnes Football Club in London, he realized that the game would be benefit from more structure and regulation. He wrote to the sports newspaper Bell’s Life to make the case for a more organized game. A meeting followed at Freeman’s Tavern where Morley was joined by members of football clubs across England, who all had input into the rulemaking before Morley drafted his list of 13 rules, which became the standard of play in England. Morley’s laws helped reduce violence on the field — although he did think players should be able to “hack the front leg” — and formalized the crucial rule we now call offsides, which prevents players from permanently stationing themselves behind an opponent’s defensive line, waiting for a pass. Morley later helped establish the Football Association, which is still the governing body for football in Great Britain. In 1863 he was elected the Honorary Secretary of the F.A., holding the post until 1866 and president of the F.A. from 1867 to 1874. Other groups from various countries made crucial developments to football as well, but thanks to Morley “the beautiful game” became less brutal, the action more spread out across the field, and is played the way it is today. Happy Birthday Mr. Morley!

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Mother's Day (Costa Rica) 2018

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Carmen Conde’s 111th Birthday

Poet, teacher, novelist, playwright, author of over 100 books, and cofounder of Cartagena’s Popular University, Carmen Conde Abellán was a pioneer in multiple fields. Born in 1907 on Cartagena’s southeast coast, Conde used to read and write under her bed as a child since her parents didn't appreciate her literary aspirations. Her gift with words became evident early as she saw her first writings published in the national press when she was 15 and published her first book, La Lectura, in 1929. The first woman elected to the Royal Spanish Academy in 1978, Conde is celebrated in literary circles for her poetry. Yet her restless creativity found other outlets as well. Writing under the pseudonym Florentina del Mar, she produced 20 volumes of children’s literature and went on to premiere children’s plays on the radio. Her best-known works include Longing for Grace (Ansia de la Gracia) and Woman Without Eden (Mujer sin Edén), an allegorical poem tracing the lives of womankind ever since the Garden of Eden. Conde was elated to be recognized with a seat in the RAE, the royal Spanish Academy, 300 years after its founding, and after six other women’s candidacy had been considered, voted upon and rejected. Conde attributed her recognition to “40 years of endurance with dignity and courage and work.” ¡Feliz cumpleaños Carmen Conde!

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India Independence Day 2018

Thousands of kites dot the skies over India as the country celebrates its 72nd Independence Day. Both a solemn and joyful occasion, this marks the day in 1947 when India became an independent, autonomous state, fulfilling the dream of leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. Commemorations begin on the eve of August 15, when the president delivers an address to the nation and citizens reflect on modern India’s origins as they look with pride toward the future. On Indian television you’ll find films honoring India’s history running around the clock. Crowds of people sing the national anthem, “Jana Gana Mana,” which was played in 1947 at the United Nations to mark India’s entry. Today’s Doodle—featuring images of some of India’s iconic colorful plantlife and mighty animals—was inspired by Indian truck art, a long-standing tradition in this four million square kilometer nation where truckers who live on the road surround themselves with cheerful folk art to occupy their minds during long months away from their families. Happy Swatantrata Diwas

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National Liberation Day of Korea 2018

August 15th is the National Liberation Day of Korea or Gwangbokjeol, meaning “Restoration of Light.” One of the few holidays celebrated all over Korea, Gwangbokjeol marks the end of World War II and the Korean peninsula becoming a sovereign nation. This national holiday is celebrated by Korean communities all over the world by sharing a meal of bibimbap and kimchi, singing Korean folk songs, or playing a game of yut. The flag seen in today’s Doodle, known as T'aegukki, will be displayed atop public buildings, in doorways or even in trees. The name T'aegukki derives from the taeguk circle in the center, whose red upper section corresponds to the yang and the blue section to the yin. The white background represents peace and purity, while the black trigrams in the four corners illustrate Taoist principles of reality: sky (Geon) on the upper left, water (Gam) on the upper right, earth (Gon) on the lower right, and (Ri) fire on the lower left. Happy Gwangbokjeol!!

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Pakistan Independence Day 2018

At midnight on August 14, 1947, Pakistan became a self-ruling nation, becoming independent from India and Great Britain. The historic event is celebrated on this day through religious ceremonies, parades and official government functions. In Islamabad, traditional commemorations begin at dawn with the flag raised over the President’s house as well as Parliament. The name Pakistan is said to derive from the Urdu word Paak meaning “pure” and stan meaning “land” or “place”. With so many diverse cultures in one nation, everyone marks Pakistan Independence in their own special way. Today many Pakistanis visit national monuments, such as the mausoleum of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Mazar e Quaid in Karachi. Others mark the national holiday with a visit to family for a special meal and an exchange of blessings. Green and white will be seen everywhere in Pakistan today: on the flags that fly over homes and official buildings, on strings of twinkling lights, and on faces painted to celebrate Pakistan’s National Day. The colors represent peace and prosperity, but to most celebrants they signify Pakistani pride.

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27th Anniversary of Bunaken National Park

The Indonesian government set aside five islands and surrounding waters in 1991, providing protection to the 58 different types of coral and more than 90 species of fish located in Bunaken National Park. Located to the north of the island of Sulawesi, Bunaken National Park is a place where Hawksbill turtles forage on reefs amid colorful schools of damselfish, clownfish, angelfish, and a dazzling array of marine dwellers. Spectacular sea creatures are not the only inhabitants of the 280-square-mile marine park, located in the northern part of Sulawesi province. There are some 20,000 human beings, most of whom rely on fishing for at least part of their daily nutrition. Groupers, snappers, and napoleon wrasse feed along the vast coral walls that contain an impressive amount of biodiversity—nearly 70% percent of the marine species found in this part of the world. Although illegal fishing still occurs, and coral is vulnerable to climate change, the Indonesian government applied for the park to be listed as one of UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites, which provides additional protections. Indonesian schools educate students about the fragility of the ecosystem they live within, ensuring that future generations learn how to safeguard this national treasure.

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Father's Day (Brazil) 2018

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Mother's Day (Thailand) 2018

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